Frida Kahlo Essay Example for Free

Frida Kahlo Essay The â€Å"Henry Ford Hospital† (The Flying Bed) completed in 1932, created by the artist Frida Kahlo was her first painting on tin. The painting contains all components of â€Å"Frida Style† ex-voto (retablo); which is small in size, painted on tin, portrays a tragic event and an inscription. The style used for this painting is Surrealism. This work is made by Oil on Metal. The dimensions of the work are 12  ¼Ã¢â‚¬  x 15  ½Ã¢â‚¬  In a shape of a Rectangle. Frida used rich colors to express strong feelings. This artwork was made during the Modern Art period. Frida Kahlo was the creator of the â€Å"Henry Ford Hospital† (The Flying Bed) 1932 painting. This is one of her most painful self-portraits that she had ever painted. Frida created this artwork of herself during one of her most painful times in her life. She was suffering her second miscarriage, and she was also was also realizing that she would not ever be able to carry a pregnancy to term. She experienced this situation in a foreign city that she did not like, the city of Detroit, Michigan. They were in the city of Detroit because her husband Diego was creating his famous Detroit Industry frescoes (frescoes, is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid lime plaster) at the Detroit Institute of Arts. In the background of the painting Frida included the Ford family’s factories because they dominated the skyline from the hospitals view. In Henry Ford Hospital Frida lies naked in her bed. Frida has a large tear falls from her left eye. The sheet beneath her is bloody, because she is had a miscarriage. Her stomach is still swollen from pregnancy. The bed frame bears the inscription Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, but the bed and Frida floats or flies in an abstract space circled by a series of six floating objects around her bed that are symbolic of her emotions at the time of her miscarriage. They are attached with festive bows; the ends of red ribbons I suggest are veins or umbilical chords that she holds against her stomach with her left hand. There is a side view of the female anatomy, a fetus, a snail, a machine, an orchid and an image of a pelvis. The main object or image is a perfectly formed male fetus; the little Diego Frida had hoped to have. The others refer to aspects of childbearing. The snail Frida explained refers to the slowness of her miscarriage. At the bottom of the painting is the broken pelvis that prevented Frida from having children. The large lavender orchid looks like an extracted uterus, Diego had given it to Frida in the hospital. When she painted the orchid, she had the sexual thing mixed with the sentimental. The female torso is to explain the inside of the female. The machine at lower left symbolizes the mechanical part of the whole business. This works meaning and the feelings involved are expressed openly. The objects are much larger than her actual body, symbolizing how her fears and tragedies are overtaking her life. The fact that she lies alone in her bed, with no one around her except the sky, shows that she feels alone. This shows the feeling of loneliness, abandonment and helplessness. It also illustrates the fragility of her body and therefore shows that she is in a weak, painful, grieving and depressing point in her life.

Search for Self-fulfillment by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Kate Chopin :: Biography Biographies Essays

Search for Self-fulfillment by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Kate Chopin      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the last half of the nineteenth century, Victorian ideals still held sway in American society, at least among members of the middle and upper classes. Thus the cult of True Womanhood was still promoted which preached four cardinal virtues for women: piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity. Women were considered far more religious than men and, therefore, they had to be pure in heart, mind, and, of course, body, not engaging in sex until marriage, and even then not finding any pleasure in it. They were also supposed to be passive responders to men's decisions, actions, and needs. The true woman's place was her home; "females were uniquely suited to raise children, care for the needs of their menfolk, and devote their lives to creating a nurturing home environment." (Norton, 108). However, the tensions between old and new, traditional and untraditional, were great during the last years of nineteenth century and there was a debate among male and female writers and social thinkers as to what the role of women should be. Among the female writers who devoted their work to defying their views about the woman's place in society were Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Kate Chopin.    Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) was a social activist and theorist of the women's movement at the turn of the twentieth century. She developed her feminist ideals in her novels, short stories and nonfiction books such as Women and Economics. Charlotte Perkins Gilman is best known for her short story The Yellow Wallpaper, (1892) which is based on her own experience.    As the story begins, the woman-whose name we never learn- tells of her depression and how it is being treated by her husband and brother who are both doctors. These two men are unable to see that there is more to her condition than just a stress and depression and prescribe for her rest as a cure. The narrator is taken to a summer house to recover form her condition where she is not allowed to do anything but rest and sleep. Furthermore, she cannot do one thing that she loves the most: writing. " I must put this away, -he hates to have me write a word." She spends most of her time in a room with yellow wallpaper and very little to occupy her mind with.

Music and Its Effects on Behaviors in Teenagers and Young Adults

Jorja M. Rea Professor Andre Yang English 1A 25 November 2012 Music and its effects on Behaviors in Teenagers and Young Adults Picture this: A young man is arrested for murder, twisting and cursing at the police as his mother watches from the sidewalk. It is light enough out that you can see, not far from him, lays the body of a young women. She was his girlfriend, whom he had beaten to death. This young man is just one of many young adults that are being arrested for committing vicious crimes in our society. Barongan and Nagayama Hall (1995) examined the effects of cognitive distortions in men had towards women.The men in this study viewed women in a sexually aggressive way. The men’s behavior was observed in a laboratory setting. Twenty-seven men listened to misogynous rap music and 27 men listened to neutral rap music. Participants then viewed neutral, sexually-violent, and assaultive film vignettes and chose the vignette that they found appealing. The results showed that à ¢â‚¬Å"participants who viewed the sexual-violent stimuli indeed felt sexually violent towards women, even having thoughts of raping and abusing women†.That young man will spend the next 3 years of his teenage life in a jovial facility and then be relocated to prison once he turns 18. What happened that caused a young man with a 3. 0 GPA to go from good to bad? According to Ortiz (2004) it all has to do with the human brain. The human brain has been called the most complex mass in the known universe. This is a well-deserved reputation, for this organ contains billions of connections called neurons. Among its parts and governs countless actions, involuntary and voluntary, physical, mental and emotional. The largest part of the brain is the frontal lobe.A small area of the frontal lobe located behind the forehead, called the prefrontal cortex, controls the brain’s most advanced functions. This part often referred to as the â€Å"CEO† of the body, providing humans wi th advanced cognition. It allows us to prioritize thoughts, imagine, think in the abstract, anticipate consequences, plan, and control impulses. Along with everything else in the body, the brain changes significantly during adolescence. In the last five years, scientists, using new technologies, such as an MRI, have discovered that adolescent brain is far less developed han previously believed. Doctors of Harvard Medical School have studied the relation between these new findings and teen behavior and concluded that adolescents often rely on emotional parts of the brain, the Amygdala, rather than the frontal lobe, â€Å"one of the things that teenagers seem to do is to respond more strongly with gut response than they do with evaluating the consequences of what they’re doing. † Since this young man, and many countless others in his position, lacks a complete prefrontal cortex they are forced to use the Amygdala.Fight or Flight is all it tells us to do. Thus, without an y clear knowledge these young people are forced to find role models who the feel â€Å"get them†. They turn to music for its lyrics and beat and this is where the trouble begins. Mahiri and Conner (2003) tested whether or not it is true that our African-American youth is more violent than other nationalities and why. Is it the rap music that they may listen to? The researchers assessed the perspective on violence of 41 middle school students attending a unique school in a low-income section of a large northern California city.The researchers probed ways that these students interpreted or reflected upon rap music and hip-hop culture, particularly its representation of violence, crime, and sex. A brief questionnaire was handed out to each of these participants, which consisted of scenario questions (what would you do if†¦). Based on the responses to the questions researchers were able to come to the conclusion that these particular students were â€Å"unfortunately lookin g up to these negative role models†. The constant talk of female assault, sex, and violence was being imbedded into these children’s minds†. And it doesn’t end there. Many other researchers have examined the effects of how musical genres have increased tendencies towards violet behaviors in teenagers and young adults. These studies have helped to uncover whether or not violent and aggressive music and music lyrics have had in fact, increased the rate of individuals that lash out in a violent, aggressive manner.Although none of the researchers in this paper considered the lack of the prefrontal cortex as a results as to why these young adults are so effects by the images they see or the music they listen to, they did however find something else altogether; these studies were done to inform society on how music is affecting people’s moods. For example: Anderson et al. (2003) studied whether or not media violence influences youth. They randomly assigned youths to watch either a short violent or a short nonviolent music video and then observed how they interacted with other people after viewing the music video.After each participant watched the music video for approximately 15 minutes, both physical and verbal aggression towards others was assessed using a 10-point scale: with 1 showing nonviolent behaviors and 10 showing a lot of violent behaviors. A correlational analysis was used to see if there was a relationship between a participant watching the violent music video and acting violent, or watching the nonviolent music video and not acting violent. â€Å"The results showed that exposure to media violence had a statistically significant association with aggression and violence among youth†.This research clearly demonstrates that exposure to media violence heightens the chances that a youth will behave aggressively and have aggressive thoughts in the short run. Arlin (1996) examined the â€Å"influence of exposure to viol ent rock videos on participants’ appraisals of their own aggressiveness†. Participants were preselected based on their scores on a measure of locus of control. After completing a measure of Buss and Durkee’s Hostility Inventory, they were randomly assigned to view either a view or nonviolent music video. After viewing the video, participants once again completed the Hostility Inventory.The results revealed a main effect of locus of control, such that individuals with an external locus of control showed lower self-reported aggressiveness after viewing a music video than individuals with an internal locus of control. Johnson, Jackson and Gatto (1995) studied whether exposure to rap music could cause violent attitudes and delayed academic performance. Forty-six African-American males (ages 11 to 16 years) from an inner city boys club in Wilmington, North Carolina were recruited to participate in this study. Participants were randomly exposed to violent rap music vid eos, nonviolent rap music videos, or no music videos.They read two vignettes involving: (a) a violent act perpetrated against a man and a woman and (b) a young man who chose to engage in academic pursuits to achieve success, whereas his friend, who was unemployed, â€Å"mysteriously† obtained extravagant items (i. e. , a nice car, nice clothes). The results showed that participants who saw the violent rap music videos reported greater acceptance of violence. In addition, â€Å"participants who saw the violent rap videos reported higher probability of committing similar acts of violence and greater acceptance of the use of violence against women†. St.Lawrence and Joyner (1991) examined the effects of sexually violent rock videos on males’ acceptance or violence against women. The experimental manipulation involved exposure to sexually violent heavy-metal rock music, Christian heavy-metal rock music, or easy listening classical music. One month prior to the experi mental manipulation, participants were administered several attitudinal scales about religious orientation, sex roles, rape myths, and interpersonal violence. The results indicated that â€Å"males without a religious background were more accepting of sexist and rape-supportive beliefs†.The researchers also came across an unexpected finding which was greater self-reported sexual arousal in response to classical music. Kalof (1999) examined the effects of gender and music video imagery on sexual attitudes. A group of 44 U. S. college students were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups that viewed either a video portraying stereotyped sexual imagery or a video that excluded all sexual images. A two-way scale revealed that exposure to traditional sexual imagery had a significant main effect on attitudes about adversarial sexual relationships. There seems to be some confirmation of a relation between sex and exposure to conventional sexual imagery on the acceptance of interpersonal violence. † Viemero and Paajanen (1992) examined whether or not viewing violent television actually does increase the aggressive behavior of those who viewed it. There were 391 eight-year old and ten-year old children participating in this study. â€Å"These children were tested on their aggression, their fear fantasies, and their dream and fantasies about these shows†. Two measurements of aggression were made: peer-nominated aggression and self-related aggression.TV viewing habits were measured by the amount of TV viewed during the week. Violence was depicted by how regularly violent TV shows were watched. They found that there was significant positive correlation for boys between TV viewing variables and aggression. There was also a significant positive correlation between the amount of TV and televised violence viewing and fear and aggressive fantasies about actual shows that were seen by the children. â€Å"These children seem to have been strongly impacted by the violence seen on television shows they were watching, and then acting in a more aggressive way after watching the violence†.Now that the It seems very obvious that there is a significant relationship between listening to violent music and watching aggressive/violent music videos and one getting into more fights, using inappropriate language, inappropriate gestures, and a tendency to think less of women. All of these researchers identified in this paper studied this exact relationship and found significant results. It is apparent that there is indeed a direct correlation between violent music and people’s aggressive behaviors.An operational definition of violent behavior is physically and verbally hurrying others, cursing, stealing, inappropriate gestures and negative views of women. Whether it is the lyrics, the beat, or watching the entertainers act violently, people in general who are viewing these music videos are behaving in an inappropriate and destructive way. Lis tening to violent music has an effect on aggression. This information is useful for parents of young children who are growing up watching these music videos. The studies completed by the researches mentioned in this paper reveal a serious problem.Our society as a whole should consider this a severe problem, especially with all of the school bombings, the high rates of angry- gang affiliated- weapon carrying young people, and the millions of dollars being spent on this violent and degrading (mostly to women) kind of music. When angry, violent, aggressive, vulgar videos were shown, participants portrayed a massive amount of hostility; their moods were changing as the video continued as did their behavior. They also answered the scenario questions with the most violent answer chose available.The participants who viewed nonviolent videos showed amazingly different answers to the questions, the majority of them answering the questions with the nonviolent or calmer answer choses. This cle arly shows evidence that allowing teenagers and young adults to watch violent music videos (like Eminem or DMX) has and will have a strong effect on violent tendencies like beating a women to death. It can also be said that the reason the results were significant in the violent groups is because of the extreme difference between the two videos.The violent videos were extremely violent showing fighting, carjacking, yelling, cursing, and hitting women. Meanwhile, the nonviolent groups watched music videos that showed people dancing on the beach and having fun. The extreme differences between the two types of videos could be the reason for the significant results obtained by the researchers. It may be wise in the future research to use videos that are not so tremendously different. Bibliography Anderson, C. A, Berkowits, L. , Donnerstein, M. , Edward, K. , Huesmann, L. , Rowell, J. , Johnson, J. , Linz, D. , Malamuth, N. , & Wartella, H. 2003). The influence of media violence on youth. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 81- 110. Arlin, B. , (1996). The influence of locus of control and aggressiveness of rock music on aggression. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 14, 491- 498. Barongan, C. , & Nagayama Hall, G. C. (1995). The influence of misogynous rap music on sexual aggression against women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 195-207. Mahiri, J. , & Conner, E. Black youth violence has a bad rap. Journal of Social Issues, 59, 121-140. Johnson, J. D, Jackson, L. A. , & Gatto, L (1995).Violent attitudes and different academic aspirations: Deleterious effects of exposure to rap music. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 16 (1-2), 27-41. Kalof, L. (1999). The effects of gender and music video imagery on sexual attitudes. Journal of Social Psychology, 139, 378- 385. St. Lawrence, J. S. , & Joyner, D. J.. (1991). The effect of sexually violent rock music on males’ acceptance of violence against women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15, 49-63. Viemero, V. , & Paajanen, S. (1992). The role of fantasies and dreams in the TV viewing-aggression relationship. Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 109-116.

Nursing Theories Of A Nursing Theory - 939 Words

This paper explains what a nursing theory is and what a nursing theory is composed of. To further explain nursing theories, Virginia Henderson’s nursing theory is explained in further detail. This paper tells of how Virginia Henderson got started and how her theory came about. In addition, the fourteen main points of her theory will be defined, as well as how they can be applied to real-world nursing. Keywords: nursing theory, Virginia Henderson, Need Theory By definition, a nursing theory is â€Å"a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific inter-relationships among concepts† (Mutha, 2012). To be considered a nursing theory, there must be four components, which include the patient, the environment, health, and nursing. The environmental factors need to be included to ensure the patient and the living environment is comfortable. The health component of a nursing theory is concerning the health of the patient, which should be included in every theory. Additionally, nursing needs to be a part of every nursing theory to show the role that nurses play. Lastly, and the most important of the four, and the main focus of nursing and nursing theories, is the patient. One nursing theory that has been around for ages is Virginia Henderson’s nursing theory, which is more co mmonly known as the Need Theory. Henderson began herShow MoreRelatedNursing Theories And Theories Of Nursing3078 Words   |  13 Pages Patricia Benner Nursing Theorist Group Five Beth-El College of Nursing and Health Sciences University of Colorado Colorado Springs NURS 3040: Foundations of Nursing Patricia Benner Nursing Theorist Theory, what is a theory? According to Blais Hayes, (2011) â€Å"A theory is a supposition or idea that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon. Theories differ in their scope and have been categorized in different ways. One of those categorizations schemes divide them into categories accordingRead MoreNursing Theories Of The Nursing Theory1398 Words   |  6 PagesNursing theories provide a foundation for nurses to professionally base their judgment of care. Florence Nightingale was one of the first nursing theorists. Theories composed by Nightingale were comprised of practice-based theories and environmental theories. Nightingale’s environmental theory is composed of 13 cannons which are fundamental to her theory. Nightingale’s theories continue to be used by present day nurses and nursing students. Theories are incorporated into nursing students’ educationRead MoreThe Nursing Theory Of Nursing2275 Words   |  10 PagesAn important role and function of nursing is to provide competent and individual centered care. Striving to provide this level of care has lead to the development of several nursing theories focused on care. Nursing theorist Kristen Swanson developed a middle ranged caring theory, which is broad and easily applied in nursing practice. Swanson’s definition of caring is, â€Å"a nurturing way of relating to a valued other toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility† (SwansonRead MoreNursing Theory : Transcultural Nursing Theories1168 Words   |  5 Pages Nursing Theory: Transcultural Nursing Theory Raymonde Alphonse Miami Dade College Nursing Theory: Transcultural Nursing Theory General Perspective to the Nurse, the Patient, the Environment, Health, Illness, and Wellness Transcultural nursing theory by Madeleine Leininger has general perspectives to the nurse, patient, environment, health, illness, and wellness. According to the caregivers, transcultural nursing theory by Madeleine Leininger is one of the most effective philosophies onRead MoreTheories And Theories Of Nursing Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesMcEwin and Ellis, theory in nursing â€Å"offers structure and organization to nursing knowledge and provides a systematic means of collecting data to describe, explain, and predict nursing practice† (McEwen Wills, 2014, p. 25). Theories in nursing are what distinguish it from other professions and help to create professional boundaries (McEwen Wills, 2014)Click and drag to move. When theories are applied in the nursing process, there are various concepts from the respective theory that are introducedRead MoreNursing Theory : Application Of Nursing Theories4442 Words   |  18 PagesRunning head: NURSING THEORIES 1 APPLICATION OF NURSING THEORIES 2 Application of Nursing Theories Beatrice Mitchell MSN6003 ? Professional Nursing Practice Framework, Scope, and Role Unit 4 ? 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The definition of nursing theory is a group of concepts that can be tested, changed or used to guide research (McEwen Willis, 2014). This writer was exposed to theory in under-graduate classes and understands the importance of theory to her nursing practice. This paper will review the importance of nursing theory. It will also focus on Patricia Benner’s Novice to Expert Theory. Importance of Theory Many nurse theorists haveRead MoreNursing Theory1516 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of Theory DeepaK USF NR 501 Theoretical Basis for Advanced Nursing Practice Nursing Theories In nursing there are theories that determine how the profession is going to be handled. Scholars and other practitioners of medicines have proved these theories. In our case we will be looking how these theories are applicable in the entire world of nursing medicine. What are nursing theories? Nursing theories are theories that describeRead MoreNursing Theories684 Words   |  3 PagesA grand theory in nursing would be Doretha Orem’s self care theory. This theory encompasses the entire concept of nursing in the fact that it states individuals will strive to meet healthcare needs to maintain health and wellness. This is very broad, can not be tested and is used in a variety of settings and populations. Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory is that all patients want to care for themselves, and they are able to recover more quickly and holistically by performing their own self-care

Similarities And Contributions And Achievements Of The...

The Tang empire was originally the Sui dynasty. The Li family had seen an opportunity to take over due to an outbreak of chaos happening in the Sui dynasty, and renamed it the Tang empire. Li Shimin (r. 626-649), an emperor of this new dynasty, had decided to extend his power into Inner Asia, expanding the empire. The Tang empire had a formidable army and impressive art works that contribute to their achievements, and lasted from 618 to 907 C.E. After the decline of the Tang empire, three new states had emerged, one being the Song empire. The Song, having to pay tribute to the Liao, sided with the Jurchens to rebel against the Liao. Instead of helping the Song empire, the Jurchens took over Liao instead and turned on the Song empire. Once†¦show more content†¦Soon enough, the government took away the use of paper money and replaced it with taxes and financial incentives. Although the Tang and Song had this similar achievement of credit, the empires had different forms of pri nting as well. The innovations of woodblock printing and movable type printing were revolutionary during the Tang and Song empire, with the invention of woodblock printing originating in the Tang empire, and movable type originating in the Song empire. Woodblock printing was a process of â€Å"block printing on paper†, and became widespread across China after Tang influence. Due to this widespread influence, the Song empire made a â€Å"technical change† to woodblock printing, and created the movable type method. This method allows â€Å"the mass production of test preparation books† as well as an increase in the obtainability of printed books. A political achievement similarity the Tang and Song empire share is experiencing a change in empire size. The Tang empire, originating in Central Asia had extended its power into Inner Asia, causing the empire to increase in size dramatically. Soon enough, the Tang were defeated by an army of Arabs, Turks, and Tibetans, which prevented the Tang from expanding their empire westward, resulting in growth to cease. The Song empire, also experiencing a change in empire size, had to shift south of the Yellow River due to increasingShow MoreRelatedComparative Study of Pakistan Chinese Cultures13385 Words   |  54 Pagesis held to mark the anniversary of Pakistan Resolution passed by the Muslims of South Asia on March 23, 1940 at Minto Park (now Iqbal Park), Lahore. The nation commemorates this day with great zeal and enthusiasm, to honor the most outstanding achievement of the Muslims of South Asia who passed the historic Pakistan Resolution resulting in the creation of Pakistan under t he dynamic leadership of Quaid-e-Azam Pakistan Day is a momentous milestone in the history of Pakistan movement. This 11 MuhammadRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesAfter two months of meetings, the committee identified the need for three different stage-gate models: one for information systems, one for new products1 services provided, and one for bringing on board new corporate clients. There were several similarities among the three models. However, personal interests dictated the need for three methodologies, all based upon rigid policies and procedures. After a year of using three models, the company recognized it had a problem deciding how to assign theRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagesviews. When alternative views are not forthcoming, instructors typically adopt one view so that students can be challenged to respond to it thoughtfully. Often students’ work is evaluated in terms of both the quantity and the quality of their contributions to in-class case discussions. Students benefit by having their views judged against those of their peer s and by responding to challenges by other class members and/or the instructor. During case discussions, instructors listen, question and probe

Use Of Stimulants For The Treatment Of Attention Deficit...

The question of the validity of the use of stimulants for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly connected to the question of attempting to balance the effectiveness of the drugs and the dangers inherent in their use. ADHD is a problematic mental and behavioral disorder especially among children and it is very important that we as a society find an effective method to treat it with the least amount of adverse effects to patients. It is a very good question to ask if a treatment is worth the risks and this definitely the case with the use of stimulants for treating ADHD. The use of stimulants has been rightly controversial and their negatives are very hard to ignore. Keeping this is in mind, it is still much better to prescribe stimulants for the treatment of ADHD. There is overwhelming evidence that which points to the fact that despite the prevalence of opinion against it doctors and parents should, in fact, have no problem prescribing amphetam ines to children for the treatment of ADHD. This paper will argue that despite a lot of adverse effects and negative press which the use of stimulants has gotten as the primary method for the treatment of ADHD it is, in fact, one of the best and most effective ways which we have to treat it. One of the strongest arguments against the use of stimulants and amphetamines as a method for treating ADHD is connected to the belief that we as a society are overprescribing medications for theShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Introduction Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), once called hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction, is one of the most common mental disorders among children. 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Medications, such as Adderall and Ritalin, are used to treat the symptoms of this disorder by helping the patient to focus and pay attention while also curbing their impulsive behavior and hyperactivity. Side effects of these medications are, but not limited to, anxiety, addiction

Comedic Conventions Used in the Importance of Being Earnest free essay sample

In general her reaction to Jacks history is ridiculous claiming Gwendolyn would ‘Marry into a cloakroom to a parcel. ’ The character even claims to marry Gwendolyn he must get himself some parents – which is completely ridiculous. Another example of incongruity is the muffin scene towards the end. After both Cecily and Gwendolyn find out the truth about Jack and Algernon’s names and hurriedly leave one would expect the two characters to follow and attempt to straighten it out. Instead, both characters sit at the table and start fighting over who has the muffins in a very childlike manner. However this scene can also be seen as relief theory. After the serious event with the women the scene is quite tense and this scene breaks it. Wilde also loosely follows the schematics of the `green world’. To fully use the green world theory the end of the play would have to end in the town, not the country, as that is where the beginning took place. However he follows the rest of the theory perfectly; order – Jack being the only Ernest with no one knowing that they are the same person; chaos – Algernon pretending to be Ernest asking Cecily to marry him and Gwendolyn who Jack asked to marry him as Earnest comes to the country; resolution – when both male characters have been discovered and identities revealed. Throughout the script Wilde created comedy using wit and wordplay. Even the title is a pun- ‘Earnest’ means to be honest which the main characters clearly aren’t. One character that expresses a play in words a lot is Lady Bracknell. Her lines are very clever yet at the same time completely and mockingly ridiculous. Lady Bracknell makes the claim that she didn’t know of anyone ‘whose origin was a Terminus’. This is a very clever line as at a railway station during Wilde’s time the end of a line was called a terminus – and the railway station is as far back as Jack can trace his history, his origin. Wilde also uses comedy duos in his text; the most obvious pair being Jack and Algernon; another being Algernon and Cecily; and another being Cecily and Gwendolyn. Even at the beginning before the truth was revealed both males acted like brothers with a love/hate relationship- made clear at the very beginning when they are brought together before us. They constantly argue with each other but using empty points. Just like real brothers they fight over the simplest things (the muffins) and get away with taking things from each other (the cigarette case). These little things create comedy partly because they are ridiculous but also because people can easily relate to them and remember themselves in a similar situation. Their arguments often use the comedy of manners technique. When alone they fight to their hearts content but as soon as another character steps into the picture they are very well mannered towards each other and act as if they are incredibly close – making it funny for the audience who knows the true relationship between the two characters. The relationship between Algernon and Cecily is very humorous because of the contrast between the two characters. Cecily is a very innocent character who has never been revealed to the harsh realities and makes up fantasies of her and Ernest (her knight in shining armour). Algernon is the complete opposite. He is a typical character seen in restoration comedy – bawdy, licentious and predatory. Comedy is created when at points she comes out on top with her fantasies confusing Algernon. The characters Cecily and Gwendolyn are another comic duo that has a different approach towards one another – deceit. As they first meet they are quite fond of one another however once the ‘truth’ that they are both engaged to Ernest is out ‘the gloves are off’. Women were not expected to act brash at all – especially women of high class and social standings like these two characters. All the fighting had to be sneaky. Wilde also uses these characters to mock the way a lady should behave; acting overly polite. After discovering the truth that they are not engaged to the same man the instantly return to being friendly towards one another – the complete opposite to the previous behaviour. Wilde mocks a lot of subjects in his script one of them being death. Death is commonly a sensitive subject; Wilde uses this to his advantage. He ridicules the story of Ernest being dead by having Algernon claim it was a joke and go as far as to put the ashes from his cigar in to the urn where his ashes supposedly were. He also mocks death further by claiming Ernest’s cause of death was a ‘severe chill’, a simplistic and common illness. Later on in the script Wilde one again mocks death but this time uses Ernest’s friend Bunbury. Algernon as Ernest claims that Bunbury is often ill causing Lady Bracknell to exclaim that he should just choose to live or die (another example of incongruity) as if it is his choice. When he actually does die the reasoning was the doctors discovered he would die – so he just died making death sound like something very simple and basic. When writing Wilde likes to use his own experiences of life (his social standing and his double life) and create comedy by mocking them. Because he has experienced them himself he knows what features he can manipulate such as courtship and the higher class code of conduct. His incredible intelligence allows his to successfully use wordplay and wit to create humour. Molly